不同鲜重秋茄胚轴形态及其对幼苗生长的影响     

刘双双  杨升  刘星  陈秋夏  王金旺  郭晋敏  王佳玉  王文卿  吴伟志  梁立成  张小伟 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(6):56-66

为了探讨不同鲜重秋茄胚轴的表型性状和营养成分含量差异, 及其对幼苗生长的影响, 确定浙江省秋茄胚轴质量标准, 提高造林质量, 本研究采集4.0~5.0g、5.0~6.0g、6.0~7.0g、7.0~8.0g、8.0~9.0g、9.0~10.0g共6组不同鲜重的秋茄胚轴, 测定其表型性状、营养成分含量和幼苗生长性状。结果表明, 胚轴长度、横径、顶径随着胚轴鲜重的增加而显著增加。不同鲜重等级胚轴间的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和有机碳百分含量差异不显著, 但随着秋茄胚轴鲜重增加, 淀粉百分含量显著减小。单根胚轴的营养成分总含量随胚轴鲜重的增加而显著增加。胚轴的C:N、N:P和C:P值在鲜重7.0~8.0g等级时均显著高于其他鲜重等级。幼苗生长高、基径、叶片数及生物量随胚轴鲜重的增加而显著增加, 但在5.0~6.0g、6.0~7.0g和7.0~8.0g等级间幼苗茎干重、叶干重、净生物量和总生物量差异不显著。胚轴表型性状与幼苗生长指标之间的相关性均呈显著水平(P<0.05), 除胚轴P总含量与生长高之间的相关性不显著外, N、K、Na、有机碳、淀粉总含量与幼苗生长指标之间均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。主成分分析和综合评价结果表明鲜重7.0g以上的胚轴优于其他鲜重的胚轴。秋茄幼苗生长高和净生物量与胚轴鲜重的回归分析R²分别为0.978和0.951, P均小于0.01。胚轴鲜重大于5.22g时, 幼苗生长高急剧增加; 鲜重大于8.74g时, 幼苗净生物量增长加快。因此, 秋茄胚轴鲜重越大, 营养物质含量越高, 越有利于幼苗生长。在浙江省的秋茄林种植中, 应优先选择鲜重7.0g以上的胚轴。  相似文献   

Socio-economic drivers of deforestation in Roghani Valley,Hindu-Raj Mountains,Northern Pakistan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Fazlur RAHMAN  Fazlul HAQ  Iffat TABASSUM  Ihsan ULLAH 《山地科学学报》2014,11(1):167-179

Deforestation and associated ecological disturbances are the issues of global concern.Researchers have investigated a number of driving forces which accelerate the rate of deforestation at local and regional levels.These include poverty,population growth,market demand and prices,political instability,agricultural expansion and changes in property right and ownership regimes.This paper seeks to explore the impacts of population growth,changing tenure system and other socioeconomic factors on the forest cover of Roghani Valley,located in Hindu Raj Mountains,Northern Pakistan.The present study is mainly based on information collected through participatory observation,selfadministered interviews and questionnaire survey.Geographical Information System（GIS） database is also used for mapping and quantification.The results reveal that in the past three to four decades the study area has been subjected to severe deforestation and about half of the forest area has been converted into barren land.Thus,the area under natural forests decreased from 2099 to 1444 hectares in four decades.This large-scale deforestation is attributed to both proximate and under lying causes particularly traditional land tenure system and demographic development.Consequently,forest resources have been degraded and a number of plant species have disappeared from the forests of the study area while several others are in the process of disappearance.  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝早期生长性状的遗传参数估计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶后全  ;吴灶和  ;白成  ;刘冠  ;刘志刚 《广东海洋大学学报》2014,(3):10-16

以马氏珠母贝选育系F6代为亲本,采用巢式设计方法和人工解剖授精技术,依照1雄配3雌的原则,建立了8个父系半同胞家系和24个母系全同胞家系,在第8、21、35和50天测定了每个母系全同胞个体的壳长和壳高,以全同胞组内相关分析法估计马氏珠母贝早期生长性状的遗传参数。结果表明,母系半同胞个体具有较大的变异程度,存在着较大的母性效应,父系半同胞组内相关分析法估算的狭义遗传力是马氏珠母贝遗传力的估计值。8-50日龄壳长狭义遗传力估计值为0.11~1.14,壳高狭义遗传力估计值为0.12~1.04,其中利用父系半同胞组内相关法估计壳长的遗传力依次为0.17、0.19、0.12、0.11,壳高的遗传力依次为0.20、0.23、0.13、0.12,属于中等遗传力。马氏珠母贝早期生长性状的遗传相关和表型相关表现为一定的正相关,相关系数的范围分别为0.528~0.746和0.747~0.921。在早期生长阶段以壳长或壳高为参数进行选择育种时,具有较大的遗传改良潜力。  相似文献   

数量性状位点的相对选择效率     

王辉  陈瑶生 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(6):5-9

从理论上采用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)模拟的方法研究了不同遗传力条件下数量性状位点的直接选择(DSQ)和以表型为基础的选择(TBS)在10个不重叠世代中的选择反应以及DSQ相对于TBS的优势。结果表明,在10个世代中DSQ的选择进展在几乎总是大于TBS的选择进展,说明DSQ较TBS具有优越性;但DSQ的相对选择效率(RSE)会随着世代数的增加而呈现较迅速下降的趋势,单个性状情况下RSE则呈直线下降的趋势。随着选择代数的增加,DSQ将失去其优越性,TBS在遗传进展上将超过DSQ。  相似文献   

不同食物与放养水层对九孔鲍生长的影响     

聂宗庆  王素平  陈才松 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(3):37-40

采用室内池子多层笼养殖方式 ,以加工海带、鲜江艹离 与 A,B2种片状饲料为饵料 ,试验了不同食物与不同放养水层对九孔鲍生长影响 ,结果表明 :( 1)从壳长增长上 ,海带与饲料 B近似 ,各为 11.3与 11.2 mm;其次为饲料 A,10 .2 mm;而江 艹离 最差 ,仅 7.7mm;( 2 )在体重增长上 ,以饲料 B最高 ,平均每只为 3.3g,其次为饲料 A与海带 ,平均每只 2 .9g,而江艹离 仅 1.8g;( 3)从试验期间所获体重增长比壳长增长看 ,两种饲料 ( B为 2 95,A为 2 84 mg/mm)均比两种海藻高 (海带为 2 57,江艹离 为 2 34mg/mm) ;( 4 )从垂直 11层笼子九孔鲍生长的比较 ,下层的好于上层 ,越是下层越好 ,投喂两种饲料在体重上差别更明显。  相似文献   

Isolation, cloning and sequencing of AFLP markers related to disease-resistance traits in Fenneropenaeus chinensis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

岳志芹  王伟继孔杰 戴继勋 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(4):442-447

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms （AFLP） technique was used to analyze the fingerprinting of four successive generations of Fenneropenaeus chinensis to reveal their disease-resistance traits. Some loci showed quite different genetic frequencies due to artificial selection, which implied that these fragments were putative markers related to the disease-resistance trait. We developed a simple and effective method to further characterize these AFLP fragments. Specific AFLP bands were cut directly from polyacrylamide gels, re-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Eight putative genetic markers were sequenced and their sizes ranged from 63 to 209 bp. The sequences were submitted to dbGSS （database of Genome Sequence Survey）; and the BLAST analysis showed low similarity to the function genes, indicating these markers were tightly linked to a disease-resistance trait but were not functional genes.  相似文献   

Reproductive biology and seasonality of the Indo-Australasian mysid Mesopodopsis orientalis (Crustacea: Mysida) in a tropical mangrove estuary,Malaysia     

Yukio Hanamura  Ryon Siow  Phaik-Ean Chee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

A year-round survey of the tropical shallow-water mysid Mesopodopsis orientalis (Tattersall, 1908) (Crustacea, Mysidacea) was conducted in the Merbok mangrove estuary, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. The mysid formed dense aggregations at the river's edge close to the mangrove forest during the daytime, but very few were captured elsewhere in the estuary system. The sampled population was found in a wide range of salinities from 16 to 32, demonstrating broad euryhalinity, and the number of the catch at the littoral zone ranged from 11.8 to 2273 ind m⁻². The overall annual mean was 709.2 ind m⁻². Females predominated over males in the entire population, and brooding females were present at every monthly sample, indicating that reproduction is continuous year round. The clutch size positively correlated with female body length. The diameter of eggs (Stage I embryos) was unaffected by the seasonality and independent of the maternal size within an observed size range. The life history pattern of the estuarine population of M. orientalis showed close similarity to that of the coastal counterpart. However, the former was found to produce fewer but larger eggs, and the specimens in this population were larger than those in the coastal population at the embryo, juvenile, and adult stages. This evidence indicates that the life history features of the estuarine population would differ to some degree from those of the coastal counterpart.  相似文献   

鲤鱼（Cyprinuscarpio L．）体重和体长QTL的定位   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘继红  ;张研  ;常玉梅  ;梁利群  ;张晓峰  ;鲁翠云  ;徐美佳  ;孙效文 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,(4):19-25

利用265个AFLP标记、127个微卫星分子标记、37个EST-SSR标记和16个RAPD标记（共445个标记）对大头鲤／荷包红鲤抗寒品系的F2代雌核发育群体44个个体进行基因型检测，构建鲤鱼（CyprinuscarpioL.）遗传连锁图谱；利用软件WinQTLCart2.5采用复合区间作图法对体重和体长两个性状进行了QTL定位分析。结果共检测到与两个与体重性状相关的QTL，分别定位到LG24连锁群（qBWh-24-1）和LG20连锁群（qBWh-20-1）上，可解释的表型变异分别为7.98％和20.05％；检测到两个与体长性状相关的QTL，分别位于LG2连锁群（qFS-2-1）和LG20连锁群（qFS-20-1），可解释的表型变异分别为5.69％和12.69％，4个QTL的加性效应均为负值。  相似文献   

Inverse modeling of lichen growth curves and implications for lichenometric dating     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Lichenometric dating represents a quick and affordable surface exposure dating method that has been widely used to provide a minimum age constraint on tectonic and geomorphic landscape changes as well as buildings and anthropogenic landscape changes in various settings during the late Holocene. Despite its widespread usage, this method has several limitations. Major problems relate to the sampling of lichen population on any given rock surface and the modeling of growth curves. In order to overcome these issues, it has been suggested to subdivide the rock surface into some areas and measure the largest lichen thallus on each one. However, how to express the data in terms of a probability distribution function and link it to an age of last exposure of the rock surface are still a matter of debate. Here, we propose a novel approach to the modeling of lichen growth curves by treating lichen growth as a continuous-time Markov process with a time-varying rate and additive Brownian noise. Given the growth rates, the probability distribution of the lichen population at any time can then be obtained by solving the Fokker–Planck equation. This method is illustrated using a dataset from the Huashan area of eastern China, which consists of measurements of the largest thalli on 12 rock surfaces of known age. We first build up the probability distribution of the lichen population for each rock surface based on extreme value theory and then use these to optimize the growth curve by minimizing the Jensen–Shannon divergence. A new method is also proposed to use the growth curve to map a sample of size data from an undated rock surface to the calendar age domain so as to yield a fully probabilistic estimate of the exposure age of the undated rock surface rather than a point estimate.  相似文献   

寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈绍红  万江虹  黄银姬  黄晓亮  刘艳芬 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(3):76-78

用96只1日龄广东三黄鸡,研究了饲料添加0.2%或0.3%的寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加0.2%的寡糖能显著提高11~30日龄肉鸡的增重、免疫器官指数及新城疫H I抗体滴度(P<0.05),血液白细胞吞噬率和血清IgG含量亦高于对照组,但组间差异不显著;添加0.2%或0.3%的寡糖能明显改善全期的饲料转化率(P<0.05)。  相似文献